Patient Resources
About Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. It typically arises when the body either does not produce enough insulin or when the insulin it makes is not used effectively (insulin resistance). In response, the pancreas initially compensates by producing extra insulin. However, over time, the pancreas may fail to produce sufficient insulin to keep blood glucose levels within a normal range.
Although type 2 diabetes is more common among middle-aged and older adults, it is becoming increasingly prevalent among younger individuals due to factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and rising obesity rates.
Symptoms
- Common Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Increased hunger
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing sores and frequent infections
- Areas of darkened skin
Risk factors
- Type 2 diabetes occurs when one’s body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin. This can be due to a combination of factors, including:
- Genetics
- Being overweight or obese
- Physical inactivity
- Advancing age, particularly after 45 years
- Prediabetes, a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes
Complications
- If left untreated, type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications, including:
- Increased risk of hypoglycaemia
- Genital or urinary tract infections
- Itches/rashes
- Low blood pressure and dehydration
- Increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including strokes and peripheral arterial disease
- Focus on patient education, dietary advice, managing cardiovascular risks, managing blood glucose levels, and identifying and managing long-term complications.
Prevention and Management
- Healthy diet focused on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid sugary drinks and high-fat foods
- Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week
- Losing even a small amount of weight can help improve blood sugar levels
- Monitoring blood sugar levels can help one manage their condition effectively
- Prescribed medications to help manage blood sugar levels
References
Overview of Liraglutide Biocon
Liraglutide Biocon is a once-daily, non-insulin injectable medication specifically formulated for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus management in adults, adolescents, and children aged 10 years and older. Its unique GLP-1 receptor agonist action helps control blood sugar levels effectively and may also lower the risk of cardiovascular events in adults.
Benefits of Liraglutide Biocon
Improved Glycemic Control
Effective in reducing both blood glucose levels and HbA1c in patients aged 10 years and older.
Reduced Cardiovascular Risks
Reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults with Type 2 diabetes.
Flexible Therapy Options
Usable as a monotherapy or in combination with other diabetes medications for sustained glucose control.
How Liraglutide Biocon Works
Liraglutide Biocon activates GLP-1 receptors to help regulate glucose levels through:
Insulin Secretion Stimulation
Enhances glucose-dependent insulin release when blood sugar is high.
Reduced Glucagon Secretion
Lowers glucagon levels, thus controlling excessive glucose production.
Minor Delay in Gastric Emptying
Reduces hunger and helps in weight management.
This comprehensive mechanism helps control blood sugar without risking low blood sugar episodes during hypoglycemia.
Steps for administration
Formulation
Pre-filled device, containing 3 ml solution for 30 doses (0.6 mg), 15 doses (1.2 mg), or 10 doses (1.8 mg)
Dosage Guidance
- Starting Dose: 0.6 mg once daily for at least one week, adjusting as Recommended by a physician.
- Maximum recommended Dose: 1.2 mg or up to 1.8 mg once daily.
Injection Instructions
Check the Device
Ensure the device is labeled correctly and the solution is clear.
Select Injection Area
Common sites include the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.
Attach Needle
Use a new needle for each injection and follow provided instructions.
Inject Correct Dosage
Monitor the dose counter, keeping the needle under the skin for at least 6 seconds.
Dispose Safely
Dispose of the used needle securely and replace the device cap.
Note: Liraglutide Biocon requires BD Ultra-Fine® or NovoFine® disposable needles (32 G, up to 8 mm in length), which are not included with the device.
Storage Instructions
- Before Use: Store in a refrigerator (2˚C–8˚C), away from the freezer.
- During Use: Can be stored below 30˚C or refrigerated, and should be used within one month.
- Precautions: Always keep the device cap on, avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, and never use if the solution is discolored or cloudy.
Side Effects and What to Expect
While Liraglutide Biocon is generally well-tolerated, some patients may experience side effects. Here’s a breakdown of common and serious reactions:
Common Side Effects
(may affect up to 1 in 10 people)
(may affect up to 1 in 10 people)
- Nausea and Diarrhea: Typically mild and resolves over time.
- Headache, Indigestion, and Constipation: Usually manageable with adequate hydration and dietary adjustments.
Severe Side Effects
(rare but critical to address promptly)
(rare but critical to address promptly)
- Hypoglycemia:Symptoms may include sweating, pale skin, and trembling; patients should consult their doctor if these symptoms arise.
- Pancreatitis: Severe and persistent abdominal pain may indicate inflammation of the pancreas and warrants immediate medical attention.
- Allergic ReactionsSeek urgent medical care if experiencing swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing, or hives.
Note: Regularly monitor your condition, especially if using additional diabetes medications like sulfonylureas or insulin, which may increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Tips for Reducing Injection Site Reactions
- Follow Rotation Guidance: Rotate injection sites daily to reduce irritation.
- Use Correct Technique: Ensure proper technique as demonstrated by your healthcare provider.
- Monitor Site Condition: Mild reactions such as redness or itching are common and generally temporary.
Contact and Support Resources
- Speak to Your Healthcare Provider: Consult your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.
- Report Side Effects: Submit reports via the Yellow Card Scheme (www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard) or through the MHRA Yellow Card mobile app.
Proactively managing side effects and staying informed about the proper use of Liraglutide Biocon can enhance your treatment experience and support better outcomes.